To Examples

StopWatch Example

Goal:

• Implement a stopwatch with Run, Pause, and Reset buttons. Have the layout rotate from
  portrait to landscape when the device is rotated.

Directions:

1. Create an Android project with name Stopwatch and Empty Activity. Leave the Java activity file name as MainActivity.java and leave the layout file name as activity_main.xml.
2. Change the layout to LinearLayout.
3. Set these properties in the layout:
   
   

   Attribute	Value
   layout_width	match_parent
   layout_height	match_parent
   orientation	vertical
   padding	16dp

4. Add a text view to display the time and three buttons with these attributes:
   
   

   Attribute	TextView	Button1	Button2	Button3
   id	txt_time
   layout_width	wrap_content	wrap_content	wrap_content	wrap_content
   layout_height	wrap_content	wrap_content	wrap_content	wrap_content
   layout_gravity	center_horizontal	center_horizontal	center_horizontal	center_horizontal
   layout_marginTop		20dp	8dp	8dp
   textSize	80sp	80sp	25sp	25sp
   text	0:00:00	Start	Stop	Reset
   onClick		onClickStart	onClickStop	onClickReset

5. Extract the strings in the layout to the strings.xml resource file:
   
   

   String Name	String Value
   start_time	0:00:00
   start_caption	Start
   stop_caption	Stop
   reset_caption	reset

6. Run the app to test the layout.
7. Here are the layout and activity files so far:
           activity_main.xml  strings.xml   colors.xml
8. Make these additions to the MainActivity class in the MainActivity.java file:
   
   1. Define an int instance variable named seconds, initialized to 0.
   2. Define a boolean instance variable named running, initialized to false.
   3. Add these event handlers, corresponding to the buttons, to the MainActivity class:
      

      public void onClickStart(View view) {
          running = true;
      }
      
      public void onClickStop(View view) {
          running = false;
      }
      
      public void onClickReset(View view) {
          running = false;
          seconds = 0;
      }
      

   4. Add this runTimer method to the MainActivity class:
      

      private void runTimer( ) {
          final TextView timeView = findViewById(R.id.time);
          final Handler handler = new Handler( );
          handler.post(new Runnable( ) {
              @Override
              public void run( ) {
                  int hours = seconds / 3600;
                  int minutes = (seconds % 3600) / 60;
                  int secs = seconds % 60;
      
                  String formattedTime = String.format(
                         "%d:%02d:%02d", hours, minutes, secs);
                  timeView.setText(formattedTime);
                  if (running) {
                      seconds++;
                  }
                  handler.postDelayed(this, 1000);
              }
          });
      }
      

   5. Add a runTimer( ); statement to the onCreate event handler.
   6. Run the app to test it.
   7. Rotate the app 90 degrees. You see that the layout changes from portrait to landscapt and the time gets set back to 0:00:00. This is because the activity is destroyed when the app is rotated. We need to save the values of the seconds and running variables so we can restore them when the activity resumes after the device is rotated. As in the ClickCounter Example, if the layout does not change from portrait to landscape and back, go to the emulator Settings >> Display and set Auto-rotate Screen to On.
   8. Here is the activity code so far:
          MainActivity.java
9. Make these additions to the java activity code:
   
   1. Add this instance variable declaration with comment at the top of the StopwatchActivity class:
      

      // Was the stopwatch running before the activity was paused?
      private boolean wasRunning;
      

   2. Add these lines to the onCreate event handler before the runTimer( ) method call:
      

      if (savedInstanceState != null) {
          seconds = savedInstanceState.getInt("seconds");
          running = savedInstanceState.getBoolean("running");
          wasRunning = savedInstanceState.getBoolean("wasRunning");
      }
      

   3. Add these event handlers after the onCreate method:
      

      @Override
      public void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
          super.onSaveInstanceState(savedInstanceState);
          savedInstanceState.putInt("seconds", seconds);
          savedInstanceState.putBoolean("running", running);
          savedInstanceState.putBoolean("wasRunning", wasRunning);
      }
      
      @Override
      protected void onPause( ) {
          super.onPause( );
          wasRunning = running;
          running = false;
      }
      
      @Override
      protected void onResume( ) {
          super.onResume( );
          if (wasRunning( )) {
              running = true;
          }
      }
      

   4. The final activity file: MainActivity.java.